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+#!/usr/bin/env python
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+
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+# Try to determine how much RAM is currently being used per program.
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+# Note per _program_, not per process. So for example this script
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+# will report RAM used by all httpd process together. In detail it reports:
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+# sum(private RAM for program processes) + sum(Shared RAM for program processes)
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+# The shared RAM is problematic to calculate, and this script automatically
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+# selects the most accurate method available for your kernel.
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+
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+# Licence: LGPLv2
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+# Author: P@draigBrady.com
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+# Source: http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/ps_mem.py
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+
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+# V1.0 06 Jul 2005 Initial release
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+# V1.1 11 Aug 2006 root permission required for accuracy
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+# V1.2 08 Nov 2006 Add total to output
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+# Use KiB,MiB,... for units rather than K,M,...
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+# V1.3 22 Nov 2006 Ignore shared col from /proc/$pid/statm for
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+# 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.9.
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+# There it represented the total file backed extent
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+# V1.4 23 Nov 2006 Remove total from output as it's meaningless
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+# (the shared values overlap with other programs).
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+# Display the shared column. This extra info is
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+# useful, especially as it overlaps between programs.
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+# V1.5 26 Mar 2007 Remove redundant recursion from human()
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+# V1.6 05 Jun 2007 Also report number of processes with a given name.
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+# Patch from riccardo.murri@gmail.com
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+# V1.7 20 Sep 2007 Use PSS from /proc/$pid/smaps if available, which
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+# fixes some over-estimation and allows totalling.
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+# Enumerate the PIDs directly rather than using ps,
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+# which fixes the possible race between reading
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+# RSS with ps, and shared memory with this program.
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+# Also we can show non truncated command names.
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+# V1.8 28 Sep 2007 More accurate matching for stats in /proc/$pid/smaps
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+# as otherwise could match libraries causing a crash.
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+# Patch from patrice.bouchand.fedora@gmail.com
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+# V1.9 20 Feb 2008 Fix invalid values reported when PSS is available.
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+# Reported by Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@mail.ru>
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+# V3.1 10 May 2013
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+# http://github.com/pixelb/scripts/commits/master/scripts/ps_mem.py
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+
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+# Notes:
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+#
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+# All interpreted programs where the interpreter is started
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+# by the shell or with env, will be merged to the interpreter
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+# (as that's what's given to exec). For e.g. all python programs
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+# starting with "#!/usr/bin/env python" will be grouped under python.
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+# You can change this by using the full command line but that will
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+# have the undesirable affect of splitting up programs started with
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+# differing parameters (for e.g. mingetty tty[1-6]).
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+#
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+# For 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.13 and later 2.4 redhat kernels
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+# (rmap vm without smaps) it can not be accurately determined how many pages
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+# are shared between processes in general or within a program in our case:
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+# http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/6/250
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+# A warning is printed if overestimation is possible.
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+# In addition for 2.6 kernels up to 2.6.9 inclusive, the shared
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+# value in /proc/$pid/statm is the total file-backed extent of a process.
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+# We ignore that, introducing more overestimation, again printing a warning.
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+# Since kernel 2.6.23-rc8-mm1 PSS is available in smaps, which allows
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+# us to calculate a more accurate value for the total RAM used by programs.
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+#
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+# Programs that use CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD are discounted by assuming
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+# they're the only programs that have the same /proc/$PID/smaps file for
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+# each instance. This will fail if there are multiple real instances of a
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+# program that then use CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD, or if a clone changes
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+# its memory map while we're checksumming each /proc/$PID/smaps.
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+#
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+# I don't take account of memory allocated for a program
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+# by other programs. For e.g. memory used in the X server for
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+# a program could be determined, but is not.
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+#
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+# FreeBSD is supported if linprocfs is mounted at /compat/linux/proc/
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+# FreeBSD 8.0 supports up to a level of Linux 2.6.16
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+
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+import getopt
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+import time
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+import errno
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+import os
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+import sys
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+
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+try:
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+ # md5 module is deprecated on python 2.6
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+ # so try the newer hashlib first
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+ import hashlib
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+ md5_new = hashlib.md5
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+except ImportError:
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+ import md5
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+ md5_new = md5.new
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+
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+
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+# The following exits cleanly on Ctrl-C or EPIPE
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+# while treating other exceptions as before.
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+def std_exceptions(etype, value, tb):
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+ sys.excepthook = sys.__excepthook__
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+ if issubclass(etype, KeyboardInterrupt):
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+ pass
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+ elif issubclass(etype, IOError) and value.errno == errno.EPIPE:
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+ pass
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+ else:
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+ sys.__excepthook__(etype, value, tb)
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+sys.excepthook = std_exceptions
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+
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+#
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+# Define some global variables
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+#
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+
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+PAGESIZE = os.sysconf("SC_PAGE_SIZE") / 1024 #KiB
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+our_pid = os.getpid()
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+
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+have_pss = 0
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+
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+class Proc:
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+ def __init__(self):
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+ uname = os.uname()
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+ if uname[0] == "FreeBSD":
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+ self.proc = '/compat/linux/proc'
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+ else:
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+ self.proc = '/proc'
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+
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+ def path(self, *args):
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+ return os.path.join(self.proc, *(str(a) for a in args))
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+
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+ def open(self, *args):
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+ try:
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+ return open(self.path(*args))
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+ except (IOError, OSError):
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+ val = sys.exc_info()[1]
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+ if (val.errno == errno.ENOENT or # kernel thread or process gone
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+ val.errno == errno.EPERM):
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+ raise LookupError
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+ raise
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+
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+proc = Proc()
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+
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+
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+#
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+# Functions
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+#
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+
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+def parse_options():
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+ try:
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+ long_options = ['split-args', 'help']
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+ opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "shp:w:", long_options)
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+ except getopt.GetoptError:
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+ sys.stderr.write(help())
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+ sys.exit(3)
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+
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+ # ps_mem.py options
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+ split_args = False
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+ pids_to_show = None
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+ watch = None
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+
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+ for o, a in opts:
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+ if o in ('-s', '--split-args'):
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+ split_args = True
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+ if o in ('-h', '--help'):
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+ sys.stdout.write(help())
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+ sys.exit(0)
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+ if o in ('-p',):
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+ try:
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+ pids_to_show = [int(x) for x in a.split(',')]
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+ except:
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+ sys.stderr.write(help())
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+ sys.exit(3)
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+ if o in ('-w',):
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+ try:
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+ watch = int(a)
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+ except:
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+ sys.stderr.write(help())
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+ sys.exit(3)
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+
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+ return (split_args, pids_to_show, watch)
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+
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+def help():
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+ help_msg = 'ps_mem.py - Show process memory usage\n'\
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+ '\n'\
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+ '-h Show this help\n'\
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+ '-w <N> Measure and show process memory every N seconds\n'\
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+ '-p <pid>[,pid2,...pidN] Only show memory usage PIDs in the specified list\n' \
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+ '-s, --split-args Show and separate by, all command line arguments\n'
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+
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+ return help_msg
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+
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+#(major,minor,release)
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+def kernel_ver():
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+ kv = proc.open('sys/kernel/osrelease').readline().split(".")[:3]
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+ last = len(kv)
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+ if last == 2:
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+ kv.append('0')
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+ last -= 1
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+ for char in "-_":
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+ kv[last] = kv[last].split(char)[0]
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+ try:
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+ int(kv[last])
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+ except:
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+ kv[last] = 0
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+ return (int(kv[0]), int(kv[1]), int(kv[2]))
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+
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+
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+#return Private,Shared
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+#Note shared is always a subset of rss (trs is not always)
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+def getMemStats(pid):
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+ global have_pss
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+ mem_id = pid #unique
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+ Private_lines = []
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+ Shared_lines = []
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+ Pss_lines = []
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+ Rss = (int(proc.open(pid, 'statm').readline().split()[1])
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+ * PAGESIZE)
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+ if os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')): #stat
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+ digester = md5_new()
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+ for line in proc.open(pid, 'smaps').readlines(): #open
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+ # Note we checksum smaps as maps is usually but
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+ # not always different for separate processes.
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+ digester.update(line.encode('latin1'))
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+ if line.startswith("Shared"):
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+ Shared_lines.append(line)
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+ elif line.startswith("Private"):
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+ Private_lines.append(line)
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+ elif line.startswith("Pss"):
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+ have_pss = 1
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+ Pss_lines.append(line)
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+ mem_id = digester.hexdigest()
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+ Shared = sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in Shared_lines])
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+ Private = sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in Private_lines])
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+ #Note Shared + Private = Rss above
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+ #The Rss in smaps includes video card mem etc.
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+ if have_pss:
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+ pss_adjust = 0.5 # add 0.5KiB as this avg error due to trunctation
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+ Pss = sum([float(line.split()[1])+pss_adjust for line in Pss_lines])
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+ Shared = Pss - Private
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+ elif (2,6,1) <= kernel_ver() <= (2,6,9):
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+ Shared = 0 #lots of overestimation, but what can we do?
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+ Private = Rss
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+ else:
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+ Shared = int(proc.open(pid, 'statm').readline().split()[2])
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+ Shared *= PAGESIZE
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+ Private = Rss - Shared
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+ return (Private, Shared, mem_id)
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+
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+
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+def getCmdName(pid, split_args):
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+ cmdline = proc.open(pid, 'cmdline').read().split("\0")
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+ if cmdline[-1] == '' and len(cmdline) > 1:
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+ cmdline = cmdline[:-1]
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+
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+ path = proc.path(pid, 'exe')
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+ try:
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+ path = os.readlink(path)
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+ # Some symlink targets were seen to contain NULs on RHEL 5 at least
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+ # https://github.com/pixelb/scripts/pull/10, so take string up to NUL
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+ path = path.split('\0')[0]
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+ except OSError:
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+ val = sys.exc_info()[1]
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+ if (val.errno == errno.ENOENT or # either kernel thread or process gone
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+ val.errno == errno.EPERM):
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+ raise LookupError
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+ raise
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+
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+ if split_args:
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+ return " ".join(cmdline)
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+ if path.endswith(" (deleted)"):
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+ path = path[:-10]
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+ if os.path.exists(path):
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+ path += " [updated]"
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+ else:
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+ #The path could be have prelink stuff so try cmdline
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+ #which might have the full path present. This helped for:
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+ #/usr/libexec/notification-area-applet.#prelink#.fX7LCT (deleted)
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+ if os.path.exists(cmdline[0]):
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+ path = cmdline[0] + " [updated]"
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+ else:
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+ path += " [deleted]"
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+ exe = os.path.basename(path)
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+ cmd = proc.open(pid, 'status').readline()[6:-1]
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+ if exe.startswith(cmd):
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+ cmd = exe #show non truncated version
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+ #Note because we show the non truncated name
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+ #one can have separated programs as follows:
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+ #584.0 KiB + 1.0 MiB = 1.6 MiB mozilla-thunder (exe -> bash)
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+ # 56.0 MiB + 22.2 MiB = 78.2 MiB mozilla-thunderbird-bin
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+ return cmd
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+
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+
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+#The following matches "du -h" output
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+#see also human.py
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+def human(num, power="Ki"):
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+ powers = ["Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti"]
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+ while num >= 1000: #4 digits
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+ num /= 1024.0
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+ power = powers[powers.index(power)+1]
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+ return "%.1f %s" % (num, power)
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+
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+
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+def cmd_with_count(cmd, count):
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+ if count > 1:
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+ return "%s (%u)" % (cmd, count)
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+ else:
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+ return cmd
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+
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+#Warn of possible inaccuracies
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+#2 = accurate & can total
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+#1 = accurate only considering each process in isolation
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+#0 = some shared mem not reported
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+#-1= all shared mem not reported
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+def shared_val_accuracy():
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+ """http://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/TopSharedMemoryBug"""
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+ kv = kernel_ver()
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+ if kv[:2] == (2,4):
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+ if proc.open('meminfo').read().find("Inact_") == -1:
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+ return 1
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+ return 0
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+ elif kv[:2] == (2,6):
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+ pid = os.getpid()
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+ if os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')):
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+ if proc.open(pid, 'smaps').read().find("Pss:")!=-1:
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+ return 2
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+ else:
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+ return 1
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+ if (2,6,1) <= kv <= (2,6,9):
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+ return -1
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+ return 0
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+ elif kv[0] > 2:
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+ return 2
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+ else:
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+ return 1
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+
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+def show_shared_val_accuracy( possible_inacc ):
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+ if possible_inacc == -1:
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+ sys.stderr.write(
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+ "Warning: Shared memory is not reported by this system.\n"
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+ )
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+ sys.stderr.write(
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+ "Values reported will be too large, and totals are not reported\n"
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+ )
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+ elif possible_inacc == 0:
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+ sys.stderr.write(
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+ "Warning: Shared memory is not reported accurately by this system.\n"
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+ )
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+ sys.stderr.write(
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+ "Values reported could be too large, and totals are not reported\n"
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+ )
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+ elif possible_inacc == 1:
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+ sys.stderr.write(
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+ "Warning: Shared memory is slightly over-estimated by this system\n"
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+ "for each program, so totals are not reported.\n"
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+ )
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+ sys.stderr.close()
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+
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+def get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args, include_self=False, only_self=False ):
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+ cmds = {}
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+ shareds = {}
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+ mem_ids = {}
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+ count = {}
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+ for pid in os.listdir(proc.path('')):
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+ if not pid.isdigit():
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+ continue
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+ pid = int(pid)
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+
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+ # Some filters
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+ if only_self and pid != our_pid:
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+ continue
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+ if pid == our_pid and not include_self:
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+ continue
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+ if pids_to_show is not None and pid not in pids_to_show:
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+ continue
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+
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+ try:
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+ cmd = getCmdName(pid, split_args)
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+ except LookupError:
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+ #operation not permitted
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+ #kernel threads don't have exe links or
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+ #process gone
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+ continue
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+
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+ try:
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+ private, shared, mem_id = getMemStats(pid)
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+ except RuntimeError:
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+ continue #process gone
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+ if shareds.get(cmd):
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+ if have_pss: #add shared portion of PSS together
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+ shareds[cmd] += shared
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+ elif shareds[cmd] < shared: #just take largest shared val
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+ shareds[cmd] = shared
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+ else:
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+ shareds[cmd] = shared
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+ cmds[cmd] = cmds.setdefault(cmd, 0) + private
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+ if cmd in count:
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+ count[cmd] += 1
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+ else:
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+ count[cmd] = 1
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+ mem_ids.setdefault(cmd, {}).update({mem_id:None})
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ #Add shared mem for each program
|
|
|
+ total = 0
|
|
|
+ for cmd in cmds:
|
|
|
+ cmd_count = count[cmd]
|
|
|
+ if len(mem_ids[cmd]) == 1 and cmd_count > 1:
|
|
|
+ # Assume this program is using CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD
|
|
|
+ # so only account for one of the processes
|
|
|
+ cmds[cmd] /= cmd_count
|
|
|
+ if have_pss:
|
|
|
+ shareds[cmd] /= cmd_count
|
|
|
+ cmds[cmd] = cmds[cmd] + shareds[cmd]
|
|
|
+ total += cmds[cmd] #valid if PSS available
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ sorted_cmds = sorted(cmds.items(), key=lambda x:x[1])
|
|
|
+ sorted_cmds = [x for x in sorted_cmds if x[1]]
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ return sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+def print_header():
|
|
|
+ sys.stdout.write(" Private + Shared = RAM used\tProgram\n\n")
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+def print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total):
|
|
|
+ for cmd in sorted_cmds:
|
|
|
+ sys.stdout.write("%8sB + %8sB = %8sB\t%s\n" %
|
|
|
+ (human(cmd[1]-shareds[cmd[0]]),
|
|
|
+ human(shareds[cmd[0]]), human(cmd[1]),
|
|
|
+ cmd_with_count(cmd[0], count[cmd[0]])))
|
|
|
+ if have_pss:
|
|
|
+ sys.stdout.write("%s\n%s%8sB\n%s\n" %
|
|
|
+ ("-" * 33, " " * 24, human(total), "=" * 33))
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+def verify_environment():
|
|
|
+ if os.geteuid() != 0:
|
|
|
+ sys.stderr.write("Sorry, root permission required.\n")
|
|
|
+ if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
+ sys.stderr.close()
|
|
|
+ sys.exit(1)
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ try:
|
|
|
+ kv = kernel_ver()
|
|
|
+ except (IOError, OSError):
|
|
|
+ val = sys.exc_info()[1]
|
|
|
+ if val.errno == errno.ENOENT:
|
|
|
+ sys.stderr.write(
|
|
|
+ "Couldn't access " + proc.path('') + "\n"
|
|
|
+ "Only GNU/Linux and FreeBSD (with linprocfs) are supported\n")
|
|
|
+ sys.exit(2)
|
|
|
+ else:
|
|
|
+ raise
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
+ verify_environment()
|
|
|
+ split_args, pids_to_show, watch = parse_options()
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ print_header()
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ if watch is not None:
|
|
|
+ try:
|
|
|
+ sorted_cmds = True
|
|
|
+ while sorted_cmds:
|
|
|
+ sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total = get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args )
|
|
|
+ print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total)
|
|
|
+ time.sleep(watch)
|
|
|
+ else:
|
|
|
+ sys.stdout.write('Process does not exist anymore.\n')
|
|
|
+ except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
+ pass
|
|
|
+ else:
|
|
|
+ # This is the default behavior
|
|
|
+ sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total = get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args )
|
|
|
+ print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total)
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ # We must close explicitly, so that any EPIPE exception
|
|
|
+ # is handled by our excepthook, rather than the default
|
|
|
+ # one which is reenabled after this script finishes.
|
|
|
+ sys.stdout.close()
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ vm_accuracy = shared_val_accuracy()
|
|
|
+ show_shared_val_accuracy( vm_accuracy )
|
|
|
+
|
Nathaniel van Diepen